Frontier: An area where borders are shifting and weak and where peoples of different cultures or nationalities meet and lay claim to the land.Ĭheck out our full AP Human Geography Unit 4 Notes.Fragmented state: A state that is not a contiguous whole but rather separated parts.Federalism: A system of government in which power is distributed among certain geographical territories rather than concentrated within a central government.Exclave: A bounded territory that is part of a particular state but is separated from it by the territory of a different state.European Union: International organization comprising Western European countries to promote free trade among members.
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In the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, poetry-the most concentrated of verbal art forms-once again emerged as a vital, commemorative form. In 2001, on the cusp of another “low, dishonest decade," to use one of Auden’s terms for the 1930s, Auden was seen again as an indispensable poet of the age. Our language is peppered with his neologisms, not least the “Age of Anxiety,” defined in the OED as “a catch-phrase of any period characterised by anxiety or danger.” Auden’s lines are quoted, misquoted, appropriated, parodied, often without any attribution to the poet himself. Faber and Faber immediately cashed in with Tell me the truth about love, a pamphlet which sold a reputed 275,000 copies. One of Lyndon Johnson’s 1964 campaign ads included the signature line “We must love one another or die” from Auden’s poem “September I, 1939.” Two decades later, Auden’s lyric “Stop all the clocks” became the signature elegy of the AIDS era, and later made a cameo appearance in the 1994 romcom Four Weddings and a Funeral. The obituaries of the enfant terrible of poetry were detailed but rarely strayed from reflecting on his much-anthologised poems of the 1930s, “As I walked out one evening” and “Lullaby.”Īuden has always seemed ripe for quotation. Philip Larkin, for one, had dismissed his “rambling intellectual stew ” Randall Jarrell painted a sorry picture of a man “turned into a rhetoric mill, grinding away at the bottom of Limbo.” Jilted by his handsome younger lover, Chester Kallman, Auden took leave of all worldly pleasures, living out his last few years in a small town near Vienna. Morose and solitary, he described himself, in a poem of the early 1960s, as a “sulky 56,” who had “grown far too crotchety” and found a “change of meal-time utter hell.” In those later years, Auden seemed a shadow of his former self: his reputation had been tainted by some rather unforgiving reviews. As seen in my digital poster, a light source seen at the top of the Empire State Building contrasted with the dark figure sitting below fading in the smoke represents the hierarchy of privileged New Yorkers and non-Jews who are ignorant towards the wellbeing of Jewish refugees as they fade into the darkness, while the birds soaring freely above at a similar height as the building represents the unjust society in which animals are being treated at a higher standard as compared to humans.When Auden died in 1973, forty years ago last week, it would have been hard to imagine how popular he would become in the ensuing decades. “They had no politicians and sang at their ease, they weren’t the human race” emphasises on Hitler’s anti-Semitic policy which curbed German Jew’s, the nationality and religion of the narrator, freedom. The contrasting treatment of animals enhances isolation and marginalisation andĪ powerful line, “if we let them in, they will steal our daily bread’, particularly relevant as although this poem is more than 75 years old, the speakers struggle of marginalisation and being an outcast resonates with refugees today and how there are still wealthy countries who actively fighting to exclude them in the fear their ‘bread’ will be stolen. ‘Refugee Blues’ emphasises the contrast between the beauty of the natural world and the nefariousness which governments impose on citizens. The last two lines of the poem “Was he free? Was he happy? The question is absurd: Had anything been wrong, we should certainly have heard” is juxtaposition in regards to the overall tone of the poem which Irony and satirical context throughout the entirety of the poem depicts a one-sided nature of society and government through the ‘perfect citizen’. My visual representation illustrates a person evolving into a barcode representing the inadvertent result of conformality controlled by faceless the man above who is slightly faded to reflect the totalitarian government’s ambiguity. This displays the praise brought upon conformity as well as the making of a totalitarianism state where personal values and identity are tarnished. ‘The Unknown Citizen’ illustrates a society of brainwashed souls conforming to a general standard set by a faceless bureaucracy, “saint” a metaphoric term used to describe the unknown man in line four is not to be taken literally. Poetry itself does not make something happen, though, Auden’s subliminal power to inspire his audience to perceive with his views on the inflicting change among society. Kyle Larson is 5 feet 6 inches tall and weighs 61 kg. What are the body measurements of Kyle Larson? Later, Kyle apologized to Hendrick for his comments. This athlete sparked controversy in 2019 on the NBC Sports segment Splash & Go! when he cracked a joke saying that Rick Hendrick starts “cheating and finding some speed” a couple of months into the start of a season. According to some sources, he is trying to return to the NASCAR Cup Series as soon as he can. Larson was suspended by NASCAR after he was caught using a racial slur in April while competing in an iRacing event. Meanwhile, according to Forbes, he has an estimated net worth of $10.1 million. How much is the net worth of Kyle Larson? Recently, it was announced that he will be re-joining GMS Racing to drive the No. Larson took part on a part-time basis for GMS Racing in 2016. The next year, he won his first Truck Series at Rockingham Speedway.Īfterward, he participated at Eldora Speedway in the inaugural Mudsummer Classic and finished the second position. Kyle made his Camping World Truck Series in June 2012 at Kentucky Speedway, finishing 10th in the event. Kyle has won 18 wins, and 14 poles, and was included 186 times in the Top 10 in different racing series and events throughout his career. Recently in 2020, Larson won 4 racing events like Indiana Midgetweek, Hoosier Hundred, Pennsylvania Speedweeks, and Chili Bowl Nationals. Later in 2020, he won the series record seventh consecutive race at the All-Star Circuit of Champions.Įarlier, in 2017, he made a guest appearance as a limo driver in the movie Logan Lucky. His other works on racing include the Kansas fall race, GEICO 500, the 2019 All-Star Race, Bluegreen Vacations 500, and 2 Hours of Daytona. He also won the Sprint Cup Series Rookie of the Year at the season finale at Homestead.Īfterward, Larson has participated in many racing series and events including Daytona 500, the 2015 Quacker State 400, 2016 All-Star Race, Pure Michigan 400, 2017 Auto Club 400, and Charlotte Roval Race. Kyle set the track record with a speed of 183.438 mph at Pocono Raceway earning his first Cup Series pole in 2014. 51 car for Phoenix Racing at Charlotte Motor Speedway making his Sprint Cup Series debut. The same year, in March, he won his first Nationwide Series at Auto Club Speedway. Larson moved full-time to the Cup Series in 2014. He is the first Asian-American and first D4D participant to win the 2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series Rookie of the Year. 32 Chevrolet Camaro for Turner Scott Motorsports. He moved full-time to the NASCAR Nationwide Series in 2013 driving the No. Kyle won his first ARCA series in 2014 at Pocono Raceway. The same year, in November, This driver won the NASCAR K&N Pro Series East championship with two wins and was also named the NASCAR K&N Pro Series East Rookie of the Year. He made his ARCA Racing Series debut driving for Eddie Sharp racing at Michigan International Speedway on 15 June 2012. He won his first K&N Pro Series East at Gresham Motorsports car. Kyle won the race and made his first start in a full-bodied stock car at the Pete Orr Memorial Orange Blossom 100. The next year, he won six USAC National Midget races.Īfterward, in 2012, this driver was signed by Earnhardt Ganassi Racing (EGR) for the racing season. He was awarded the series’ 2011 Rookie of the Year winning two Silver Crown races that season. Caption: Kyle Larson and his wife (Source: Earn The Necklace) Larson is the second driver in history to win all three types of USAC cars in a single night in the 2011 4-Crown Nationals at Eldora Speedway. Kyle was the youngest driver to compete at Placerville Speedway. He raced open-wheel cars including Silver Crown, USAC midget, and sprint cars. He started racing at the age of 7 in outlaw karts in Northern California. Kyle Larson: Career, Professional Life Early LifeĮarlier, Kyle Larson attended racing with his parents a week after his birth. Kyle attended Pleasant Grove High School. His father’s name is Mike, and his mother’s name is Janet. This athlete was born on 31 July 1992, in California, the US with the birth name Kyle Miyata Larson. Kyle Larson: Age, Parents, Education, Ethnicity This means that the number of operations in the average case is O(N) or linear time. If there is only one matching item, this can stop when it finds that single item, but if there are multiple matches, it must test everything. A simple implementation retrieves and examines each item according to the test. Suppose a database contains N data items and one must be retrieved based on the value of one of the fields. Most database software includes indexing technology that enables sub-linear time lookup to improve performance, as linear search is inefficient for large databases. A further aspect of flexibility is to permit indexing on user-defined functions, as well as expressions formed from an assortment of built-in functions. Another option sometimes supported is the use of partial indices, where index entries are created only for those records that satisfy some conditional expression. For example, an index could be created on upper(last_name), which would only store the upper-case versions of the last_name field in the index. Some databases extend the power of indexing by letting developers create indexes on column values that have been transformed by functions or expressions. An index normally includes a "key" or direct link to the original row of data from which it was copied, to allow the complete row to be retrieved efficiently. Indexes can be created using one or more columns of a database table, providing the basis for both rapid random lookups and efficient access of ordered records.Īn index is a copy of selected columns of data, from a table, that is designed to enable very efficient search. Indexes are used to quickly locate data without having to search every row in a database table every time said table is accessed. Data structure for query optimization in databasesĪ database index is a data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations on a database table at the cost of additional writes and storage space to maintain the index data structure. Dont change the Minimum Memory Size, and dont allocate more RAM than you actually have installed on your Mac. All Journal entries and cinematics from the game.The Soulblighter image from the thumbnail I made it myself.Heres a full video on it. You can add RAM by increasing the number in the Preferred Memory Size box. To do this, click once on the Myth II application on your hard drive and choose Get Info from the File menu. Myth II loves RAM, so if youve got a lot of memory you may want to allocate some of it to the game. Turn off virtual memory while playing Myth II. Virtual memory and utilities like RAM Doubler can slow Myth II down, which can have an especially deleterious effect in network games. Publication date Topics martin odonnell, marty odonnell, michael salvatori, myth, myth 2, myth ii, bungie, myth ii soulblighter. If you find that a certain control panel or extension causes problems with Myth II, use Extensions Manager to create an extension set without the problematic file and switch to that set whenever you want to play Myth II. Myth II: Soulblighter Original Soundtrack by Martin ODonnell. If you have a lot of non-Apple utilities and extensions running on your system, this is a quick and easy way to tell if theyre conflicting with Myth II. Recent versions of the Extensions Manager allow you to choose a setting called MacOS base or something similar, which will run only the very basic extensions and control panels. And yes, we do mean ALL of them anything that wasnt installed as part of your System Software could be the culprit. Myth II will run in Windows (Windows 95 or later), modern Mac OS X (Intel or PowerPC OS 10.4 or later), older Macs (PowerPC, OS 8.6 - 10.3), and Linux (x86). Published by Bungie in North America and by GT Interactive Software in Europe, the game was also ported to Linux by Loki Entertainment. This article is part of jasonacs Intro To Myth guide. If youre experiencing inexplicable problems with Myth II, the first thing you should do is go to your Extensions Manager control panel and turn off ALL your non-Apple extensions and control panels. Myth II: Soulblighter Game Description Myth II: Soulblighter is a 1998 real-time tactics video game developed by Bungie for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS. If you have any saved games or films that youd like to keep, copy the save and recordings folders from your Myth II directory to a safe place before you delete the game. If all else fails, you may want to try reinstalling Myth II. If you're running Win95/98 Plus! and your cursor is a custom cursor, change it back to the default black and white arrow cursor. Make sure your networking card is using Enhanced Mode drivers. We invite our chess fans to join the Fishtest testing framework and programmers to contribute to the project. Indeed, the Stockfish project builds on a thriving community of enthusiasts to offer a free and open-source chess engine that is robust, widely available, and very strong. This work by Pasquale Pigazzini, Tom Vijlbrief, Michel Van den Bergh, and various other developers is an essential part of the success of the Stockfish project. In the last few years, our distributed testing framework, Fishtest, has been operated superbly and has been developed and improved extensively. To perform these tests, contributors provide CPU time for testing, and in the last year, they have collectively played roughly a billion chess games. Stockfish Development Versions WebStockfish Development Versions are build. At the time Houdini 6 was put on CCRL, Stockfish was at least 35 elo stronger than CCRLs version, based on NCM data. Stockfish Chess Engine - Chrome Web Store WebDeze ontwikkelaar heeft zichzelf. While theres no official cadence, releases come slowly while the Stockfish version on the GitHub repo is constantly updated. These include the fourth generation of our NNUE network architecture, as well as various search improvements. Stockfish has new official versions out every six months. For Stockfish 15, we tested nearly 13000 different changes and retained the best 200. This progress is the result of a dedicated team of developers that comes up with new ideas and improvements. At TCEC, Stockfish won the Season 21, Cup 9, FRC 4 and in the current Season 22 superfinal, at the time of writing, has won 16 game pairs and not yet lost a single one. At CCC, Stockfish won all of the latest tournaments: CCC 16 Bullet, Blitz and Rapid, CCC 960 championship, and the CCC 17 Rapid. Improvements to the engine have made it possible for Stockfish to end up victorious in tournaments at all sorts of time controls ranging from bullet to classical and even at Fischer random chess. This feat has been oft replicated by hackers and amoyag00 has a version that brings together a Raspberry Pi, Arduino, Android, and the Stockfish chess engine in case you want to play by. In our testing, Stockfish 15 is ahead of Stockfish 14 by 36 Elo points and wins nine times more game pairs than it loses. Stockfish 15 continues to push the boundaries of chess, providing unrivalled analysis and playing strength. A new major release of Stockfish is now available at One of the typical animation desk setups used in our studio for 20 years. So-here are some vintage and current examples of a mainstay of the animation production industry that will soon be obsolete. Lutz’s “Animated Cartoons” (1920 – Charles Scribner’s Sons). Two pages from the first book published to exclusively address the craft of cartoon animation, Edwin G. Hopefully, this successful exhibit will find a home at the Museum of the Moving Image in Astoria, Queens, in the near future! And not all the material and items have been sitting in the dark the past few years-some of the pieces are on display in the studio here and were also a part of the Westchester Arts Council exhibit I curated with Howard Beckerman in 2009 on the history of New York Animation, titled “It All Started Here”. It seemed like a natural subject for a piece here-especially since many of the pieces of equipment have interesting backstories to them. I happened to be in our storeroom recently and saw all the old discs and lightbox wedges unused and stacked in the corner. With the advent of CGI and digital drawing tablets like Wacom’s Cintiq, actually drawing the sequential images on paper and either filming or scanning the drawings is becoming a rarity. It’s only been within the past decade that this conventional process and this sort of equipment has proven to be on its way out. This allowed for less stress/damage on the holes and thus better registration. California/Hollywood seemed to hover in the world of Acme, but Disney (which switched over to Acme 20 years ago) had paper that was also punched with two sets of holes-one for the animator and one for the Ink and Paint Department. In New York there were pegs by Acme (a small round hole with two thin slots on either side), Oxberry (a small center hole with wider slots on either side), Signal Corps (close to Oxberry but closer to three round holes) and Fleischer/Famous/Terrytoons (three round holes). For almost a century, folks working in animation production have used paper, pencils, various designs of lightboxes, and pegged drawing discs to do their craft, and within this world of registration there were several standards. It was John Randolph Bray who established and patented the peg system of registration in 1915. If the images that are animated don’t have a shared foundation with each other, the movement that’s created by the animator has no common relationship with the background or the viewer’s point of view-it just doesn’t work. However, this lot is in fair overall condition.The drawing/image registration process is a fundamental aspect of film animation. The desk shows some wear from use and storage, including chips to the wood on the side of the left panel and light scratching throughout. A Disney barcode is present on the right side of the drawer compartment. The functionality of the desk is bolstered with drawers designed specifically for the storage of animation tools and materials. A custom light table is built into the centre of the desk and is able to be easily manipulated with the turn of a lever. It is made of wood, with a honey maple finish. This desk is of the second generation, constructed during the Disney Renaissance of the 1990s. When the studio was redesigned during the 1990s, a new version of the desk was produced, taking heavy influence from Weber’s style. Weber was hired by Walt Disney to design and furnish the Disney Animation Studios in Burbank, California. This desk is based on a design originally conceived by German industrial designer Kem Weber. An animator’s desk used by Walt Disney Studios for various productions. In fact, it's not unheard of for mahjong pros to achieve a 40+X multiplier! There's also a 5x multiplier/ bonus that can be achieved if you match mahjong tiles with the same pattern consecutively. The key to achieving high scores and winning at Mahjong Dimensions is speed! As along as you are able to make a tile match in less than three seconds you'll achieve a 2x multiplier which will grow exponentially for every subsequent match you make in under three seconds. Because Mahjong Dimensions is a race against the clock, if you want to be a true Mahjong expert you need to match the tiles quickly! And, while not everyone plays Mahjong Dimension for bragging rights, you can see how your score compares to millions of players just like you on our leaderboard. A tile is considered free and clickable only if it is uncovered and unblocked on its left and right sides. I would highly recommend adding Dimension to your board game collection.Mahjong rules are easy – match any two tiles that are free and have the same symbol. It’s a great game to play with friends or family that don’t typically like board games, but it also provides a challenge for more seasoned gamers. It’s great when you want something easy to teach and quick to play, and it’s a unique departure from your standard “board game”. While some games like Wingspan include an entirely different ruleset for solo play, Dimension’s is basically “play by yourself, keep track of your best score and try to beat it next time” Final thoughtsĭimension is a game that hits our table frequently. Solo gaming options are becoming more popular, and while the rules do technically include one for Dimension – it’s an afterthought. The other components of the game are really nice, it’s a shame that the scoring tokens don’t follow suit. Additional points are gained or lost at the end of the game based on how many bonus tokens you have. Players that manage to not break any rules and use all five colors in their pyramid receive a bonus token. It doesn’t matter if you break a rule multiple times, it’s a straight deduction for breaking the rule. Players then lose 2 points for every rule broken. A completed stack accommodates eleven spheres so that is the maximum number of points you could get in a round. These points are given out before the rules are checked. Build the highest pyramid you can without breaking any rulesĪ player receives one point for every sphere on their stack.Draw six random rule cards for the round.You can also choose to put back one of the rules and redraw if you don’t want to have contradictory rules, but we keep them in when we play. Choose not to use green or blue at all and possibly create a smaller stackīoth are valid but you only have sixty seconds to build, so decide fast.Choose one of the rules to break and sacrifice two points.There are a couple of ways to deal with it. It’s entirely possible to get “Green must touch blue” and “Green can’t touch blue” in the same round. This can happen and does fairly regularly. What do you do if you get contradictory rules in Dimension? As people get more familiar with the game they will understand the graphics and this may no longer be needed. If it’s the first time playing it’s best to explain each of the rules so that everyone understands what the cards mean. The total number of back and white together must be exactly four.Here’s an example of something you could see in a round Number of a color in relation to another color: Rules like “More black than blue” Total number of color used: Rules like “Exactly 2 blue” or “Total of orange and white must equal 3” The rules of Dimension change every round but all of the potential rules fall into one of the following categories:Ĭolor Placement: Rules like “White must touch green” or “Orange can’t touch blue” or “Blue can’t be above any other color” In each round players must use their set of 15 colored balls (three of each color) to create a pyramid that conforms to the rules for the round.ĭid I mention the rules are random? In each round six cards are dealt from a deck of rule cards and these haphazard (and sometimes contradictory) rules govern your structure. The game is played in a series of six, one-minute rounds. What do you do if you get contradictory rules in Dimension?ĭimension is a fast-paced innovative three-dimensional puzzle game for two to four players. I can comment to the fact that a pair of size 9’s fit with ease. Aer’s specs list this as being able to fit up to a size 13 shoe. The padding is a nice touch, as most of these pockets are just fleece lined.ĭoing a 180 and hitting the bottom of the bag, here is where we find the vented stowaway shoe compartment. Aer lists this as “with a soft lining.” And it is pretty soft, I’ve been tossing my cell phone in here with no worries at all. Moving to the top of the bag we have a padded quick access pocket. They are a decent size, and can accommodate a few different sizes of water bottle. Working from the outside in, we have two exterior water bottle pockets. With that simple breakdown out of the way, lets get into the meat. The gist of the bag is this, the rear of the bag is set up all your work/EDC needs while the long zipper compartment in the front is for all your other….well stinky gym clothes. The Fit Pack 3 is nicely divided to keep your work stuff separate from your workout gear. it’s dare I say… the perfect grab handle. It was one of the first things I noticed about the bag. I don’t want to sing any unnecessary praises about any product, but for some reason I love this grab handle. In addition to the shoulder straps, we have a great top carry handle. I found the Fit Pack 3 to wear well on me, and I didn’t have either of these issues. I have an old left shoulder injury, and some bags seem to droop off my left shoulder, or hurt if the straps are too stiff. With a full load in the bag, I find it carries very well. So when I leave the house, I am loaded for bear. Since spring mornings are still pretty cold, I prefer to do my runs in the afternoon when the sun has been kind enough to warm the air. Testing in early 2021, I was among the minority, as I did still commute into the office for work. The Fit Pack’s sleek and minimal look disguised the fact that I was hauling around some stinky old running shoes and clothes that were about to regret their existence all while carrying my MBP and HD’s ready to edit a music video, commercial spot or a bag review. With weather not always my friend, my pack can be pretty bulky some days. While my workout clothes don’t weigh a ton, I do pack a few extra layers, as well as some clean non-work clothes to toss on after I work out. And living in Northeastern PA, it can snow in July. Like a lot of people I canceled that gym membership last year, so I run outside. That might be why I always find myself running alone… As a distance runner, my shoes and workout cloths do not smell good. Inversely, the interior being treated with an antimicrobial coating to help control odours and bacterial growth works well. The 1680D Cordura ballistic nylon is easy to wipe clean when the tot wants to get daddy’s bag for him (You never know what’s on a 2 year old’s paws). After a couple of weeks of daily use, I saw little to no signs that the bag had been used. That being said, I had no doubts on the quality of the bag. While I had been eyeballing them for some time, I had no previous experience actually handling and using the brand. The Fit Pack 3 is my first offering from Aer. They focus on sleek minimal designs, that are well thought out and have high functionality. They threw their hat in the ring back in 2014 and have been putting out some great bags ever sense. You may have to select a menu option or click a button.Aer is a name most readers will be familiar with by now. Follow the instructions for disabling the ad blocker on the site you’re viewing.You may have more than one ad-blocker installed. You’ll usually find this icon in the upper right-hand corner of your screen. Click the icon of the ad-blocker extension installed on your browser.When it turns gray, click the refresh icon that has appeared next to it or click the button below to continue.Click on the large blue power icon at the top.Click the UBlock Origin icon in the browser extension area in the upper right-hand corner.It will turn gray and the text above will go from “ON” to “ OFF”. Click on the “ Ad-Blocking” button at the bottom.Click the Ghostery icon in the browser extension area in the upper right-hand corner.Switch off the toggle to turn it from “ Enabled on this site” to “ Disabled on this site”.Click the AdBlocker Ultimate icon in the browser extension area in the upper right-hand corner.“ Block ads on – This website” switch off the toggle to turn it from blue to gray. Click the AdBlock Plus icon in the browser extension area in the upper right-hand corner.Refresh the page or click the button below to continue.Under “ Pause on this site” click “ Always”.Click the AdBlock icon in the browser extension area in the upper right-hand corner.Adblock Adblock Plus Adblocker Ultimate Ghostery uBlock Origin Others In the optimal experimental conditions, the recoveries of yttrium oxide are about 95%, 55%, and 65% for CRT, lamps, and CRT/lamp mixture (called MIX) powders, respectively. Experimental results have shown that process conditions necessary to purify the solutions and recover yttrium strongly depend on composition of the leach liquor, in other words, whether the powder comes from treatment of CRTs or lamp. The process for treating these materials includes the following: (a) acid leaching, (b) purification of the leach liquors using sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide, (c) precipitation of yttrium using oxalic acid, and (d) calcinations of oxalates for production of yttrium oxides. Abstract: In this paper, yttrium recovery from fluorescent powder of lamps and cathode ray tubes (CRTs) is described. • Economic simulation for the processes to recover yttrium from WEEE. • Recovery of yttrium from fluorescent powders. • Fluorescent powder of cathode ray rubes. Highlights: • Fluorescent powder of lamps. Recovery of yttrium from cathode ray tubes and lamps’ fluorescent powders: experimental results and economic simulation A first version of a mock-up is presented, and experimental results are presented and discussed. In the next part, the author addresses some theoretical aspects of corrections to be made for spot deflection, spot focussing, and spot brightness. The author describes a cathode ray tube, presents different methods to obtain a colour image (mask tube, electron penetration tube, and intensity change tube), discusses the choice of a cathode ray tube type, and describes its use in a display console. The objective of this research thesis is to study the possibility to obtain a colour image which can be used in cathode ray tube display console. Use of an electron penetration cathode ray tube in a colour display console The experimental results reviewed here include A-site and B-site segregations, lattice expansion, oxidation-state changes during cell operations and liquid-phase infiltration and coarsening of cathode to electrolyte backbone The epitaxial thin film model cathodes for XR, TXRF, and HRD measurements are made by pulse laser deposition and porous film cathodes for USAX measurements are made by screen printing technique. The X- ray techniques used include X- ray reflectivity (XR), total-reflection X- ray fluorescence (TXRF), high-resolution diffraction (HRD), ultra-small angle X- ray scattering (USAXS). Abstract: Synchrotron-based X- ray techniques have been used to study in situ the structural and chemical changes of film cathodes during half-cell operations. •Liquid-phase infiltration and coarsening processes of cathode materials into porous YSZ electrolyte backbone were monitored by USAXS. •The surface and subsurface of the LSM and LSCF films have different oxidation-states due to vacancy concentration changes. •Chemical lattice expansions show that oxygen- cathode interface is the primary source of rate-limiting processes. •A-site and B-site cations actively segregate or desegregate on the changes of temperature, pO 2, and electrochemical potential. Highlights: •Synchrotron X- rays are used to study in operando the structural and chemical changes of LSM and LSCF film cathodes during half-cell operations. International Nuclear Information System (INIS)įuoss, Paul Chang, Kee-Chul You, Hoydoo This was the beginning of further understanding leading to the atomic theory and structure that we know today.Ĭathode ray tube is a tube that contains a small amount of gasīetween two metallic plates.In situ X- ray studies of film cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells He won the 1906 Nobel prize for the discovery of electrons. He zapped atoms with electricity and observed that negatively charged particles were removed! He reasoned that atoms consisted of subatomic particles, electrons that were negatively charged particles. Thomson, a British physicist, conducted the cathode ray experiment. Previously, atoms were known to be indivisible, but in 1897, J. |